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See:
Description
Interface Summary | |
Cloneable | A class implements the Cloneable interface to
indicate to the Object.clone() method that it
is legal for that method to make a
field-for-field copy of instances of that class.
|
Class Summary | |
System | The System class contains several useful class fields
and methods. |
Exception Summary | |
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException | Thrown to indicate that a method has been passed an illegal or inappropriate argument. |
Error Summary | |
Error | An Error is a subclass of Throwable
that indicates serious problems that a reasonable application
should not try to catch. |
Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java
programming language. The most important classes are Object
,
which is the root of the class hierarchy, and Class
, instances of
which represent classes at run time.
Frequently it is necessary to represent a value of primitive type as
if it were an object. The wrapper classes Boolean
,
Character
, Integer
, Long
, Float
, and
Double
serve this purpose. An object of type Double
,
for example, contains a field whose type is double, representing that
value in such a way that a reference to it can be stored in a variable
of reference type. These classes also provide a number of methods for
converting among primitive values, as well as supporting such
standard methods as equals and hashCode. The Void
class is a
non-instantiable class that holds a reference to a Class
object
represening the primitive type void.
The class Math
provides commonly used mathematical functions such
as sine, cosine, and square root. The classes String
and
StringBuffer
similarly provide commonly used operations on
character strings.
Classes ClassLoader
, Process
, Runtime
,
SecurityManager
, and System
provide "system operations"
that manage the dynamic loading of classes, creation of external processes,
host environment inquiries such as the time of day, and enforcement of
security policies.
Class Throwable
encompasses objects that may be thrown by the
throw statement (§14.16). Subclasses of Throwable
represent errors
and exceptions.
java.lang
and java.io
packages accept string arguments that specify the character encoding to be used
when converting between raw eight-bit bytes and sixteen-bit Unicode characters.
Such encodings are named by strings composed of the following characters:
'A'
through 'Z'
('\u0041'
through '\u005a'
),
'a'
through 'z'
('\u0061'
through '\u007a'
),
'0'
through '9'
('\u0030'
through '\u0039'
),
'-'
('\u002d'
, HYPHEN-MINUS),
':'
('\u003a'
, COLON), and
'_'
('\u005f'
, LOW LINE).
An encoding may have more than one name. One of an encoding's names is
considered to be its canonical name. The canonical name of an encoding
is the name returned by the getEncoding
methods of the
InputStreamReader
and
OutputStreamWriter
classes.
Encoding names generally follow the conventions documented in RFC2278: IANA Charset Registration Procedures. If an encoding listed in the IANA Charset Registry is supported by an implementation of the Java platform then one of its names must be the name listed in the registry. Many encodings are given more than one name in the registry, in which case the registry identifies one of the names as MIME-preferred. An implementation of the Java platform must support the MIME-preferred registry name for a supported encoding if there is one; for convenience it may additionally support other registry names. The IANA MIME-preferred name of an encoding, if there is one, is often, but not necessarily, its canonical name. Following IANA convention, the mapping from IANA registry names to encodings is not case-sensitive.
Every implementation of the Java platform is required to support the following character encodings. Consult the release documentation for your implementation to see if any other encodings are supported.
The various Unicode Transformation Formats are described in detail in The Unicode Standard and in the Unicode FAQ.
US-ASCII
Seven-bit ASCII, a.k.a. ISO646-US
, a.k.a. the Basic Latin block of the Unicode character setISO-8859-1
ISO Latin Alphabet No. 1, a.k.a. ISO-LATIN-1
UTF-8
Eight-bit Unicode Transformation Format UTF-16BE
Sixteen-bit Unicode Transformation Format, big-endian byte order UTF-16LE
Sixteen-bit Unicode Transformation Format, little-endian byte order UTF-16
Sixteen-bit Unicode Transformation Format, byte order specified by a mandatory initial byte-order mark (either order accepted on input, big-endian used on output)
Every instance of the Java virtual machine has a default character encoding. The default encoding is determined during virtual-machine startup and typically depends upon the locale and encoding being used by the underlying operating system.
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